![]() Generating words that begin with a specific letter or repeating complex sentences engages the frontal lobes, where Broca's area orchestrates speech production, and the temporal lobes, where Wernicke's area deciphers and interprets language.įinally, the MoCA ensures the mind is anchored in time and space. Language, the intricate dance of words and meaning, also finds its place in the MoCA's spotlight. At the same time, the superior parietal lobule serves as a vigilant stage manager, filtering out distractions and prioritizing relevant information. The dorsolateral prefrontal cortex is the vigilant director, sharpening and maintaining focus. Focusing on specific targets amidst distractions, like finding the letter "A" amidst a sea of other letters, relies on the dynamic interplay of the frontal and parietal lobes. Delayed recall shows signs that memory is not functioning as well as it could be.Īttention, the mind's spotlight, is another crucial domain the MoCA assesses. Recalling a string of words minutes later depends on a seamless partnership between the medial temporal lobes, where the hippocampus meticulously stores memories, and the frontal lobes, where the prefrontal cortex acts as a retrieval cue, prompting the hippocampus to release its treasures. Memory, the cornerstone of learning and experience, also takes center stage in the MoCA. Identifying their names depends on the smooth functioning of the temporal lobes, specifically the inferior temporal gyrus, which acts as a visual dictionary, readily matching visual input to stored words. Picture yourself staring at a menagerie of unfamiliar animals. Next, the MoCA probes the realm of naming. Meanwhile, as attentive stagehands, the parietal lobes ensure spatial awareness and visual processing, ensuring the clock face finds its proper place and the cube's intricate design is faithfully reproduced. The dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, a conductor within the frontal domain, guides planning and organization, while the premotor cortex orchestrates the precise movements needed to translate thought into action. Imagine the challenge of drawing a clock or copying a cube – these tasks call upon the collaborative efforts of the frontal and parietal lobes. One key area assessed by the MoCA is differences in visuospatial/executive function. ![]() But beneath its streamlined efficiency lies an interplay between distinct cognitive domains and the intricate sensitivity and specificity of the human brain. Contin Minneap Minn 22:404–418.The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) is a powerful tool in the neurologist's toolkit, offering a quick and reliable snapshot of cognitive function. Petersen RC (2016) Mild cognitive impairment. O’Bryant S, O’Jile J, McCaffrey R (2004) Reporting of demographic variables in neuropsychological research: trends in the current literature. Ĭova I, Del Tedesco F, Maggiore L et al (2020) Cognitive disorders in migrants: retrospective analysis in a Center for Cognitive Disorders and Dementia in Milan. Ĭanevelli M, Lacorte E, Cova I et al (2019) Estimating dementia cases amongst migrants living in Europe. Prince M, Bryce R, Albanese E et al (2013) The global prevalence of dementia: a systematic review and metaanalysis. Fondazione Società Italiana di Neurologia. The potential availability of many culturally adapted and translated versions of the MoCA increases the chance of offering a linguistically and culturally sensitive screening for cognitive impairment to diverse populations further studies are needed to identify if MoCA can be considered a truly cross-cultural fair test.Ĭognitive impairment Cross-cultural Cultural adaptation Montreal Cognitive Assessment Translation. The quality of the process of cultural adaptation of MoCA differs considerably among different available versions as well as the number of items adapted in the various language versions. Culturally different adapted versions of the MoCA were unevenly distributed across different geographic areas. Overall, 86 culturally different versions of MoCA are available: 74 versions on the MoCA website (25 of them have a corresponding paper concerning the translation process found with the systematic review) and 12 additional versions identified only with the search in biomedical databases. Adapted versions were identified through a systematic review in 3 databases and on the MoCA website. This study provides a systematic review of linguistically and culturally adapted versions of the original Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) full version.
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